An Immense Career Essays -- English Literature

An Immense Career Vocation Willa Cather, American author and short-story essayist, was conceived Willela Sibert Cather on 7 December 1873, in Back Creek Valley, Virginia, close to Winchester. At nine years old, in 1883, her family moved to Red Cloud, Nebraska. Huge numbers of her books were set in Red Cloud. She went to the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and graduated in 1895. She put in a couple of years after school chipping away at a paper, and afterward worked a publication work at the magazine Home Monthly in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She at that point composed surveys for the Pittsburgh Pioneer. In 1903, she distributed a book of verse, April Twilights, and she moved to New York City in 1904. She met Edith Lewis that year, whom she later offers a condo with in 1908, and they live together until her passing (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Next, she showed secondary school in Pittsburgh in 1895, at that point moved to NY City to take a shot at the article staff of McClure's magazine in 1906 (Crane: 218, 256). Eventually, she spared McClure's magazine from money related fiasco, after she became overseeing manager (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). In 1908, she becomes a close acquaintence with Sarah Orne Jewett, an motivation for Cather's later works (Crane, 198). Cather is most generally perceived for her accounts of western pioneer America. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1925 for One of Ours. Cather kicked the bucket 24 April 1947, at 73 years old, and is covered in New Hampshire (Crane, Publication). Cather worked professions as a writer, an editorial manager, and a fiction author - however her first distribution was a verse assortment, April Twilights (1903). The origination of her composing profession was Pittsburgh, as Cather noted (North Side: Willa Cather). She moved to New York City in 1904, an... ... Harvard University, June 1987. Cather, Willa. O Pioneers, Willa Cather Scholarly Edition. Rosowski,Susan J. Mignon, Charles W. Danker, Kathleen. Lincoln: College of Nebraska Press, 1992. Adams, Frederick B. Foreword in Willa Cather: A Bibliography, The College of Nebraska Press, 1982. Language and Being in Cather's The Professor's House: A Look Back what's more, Forth from Thoreau to Nietzsche and Heidegger. An Essay by Frank H. W. Edler. Metropolitan Community College Omaha, Nebraska. Copyright  © 2000, Frank Edler Lernout and Hauspie Speech Products N.V. The Columbia Electronic Reference book, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press, 2000. Recovering History. [http://www.uic.edu/depts/quic/history/willa_cather.html], 11 March 2002 North Side: Willa Cather. [http://www.clpgh.org/display/neighborhoods/northside/nor_n111.html], 11 March 2002

Religious Thanksgiving Quotes

Strict Thanksgiving Quotes Before we start the lavish Thanksgiving feast, we should make sure to offer our gratitude to the Supreme Being who has given us gifts and fortune. In our supplications, let us recollect the individuals who have scarcely enough to take care of or dress themselves. Give the thoughtfulness access your heart contact the million starving spirits who devour dry bread and salt. We frequently question the nearness of God and his marvels. In any case, we should recognize that consistently is a supernatural occurrence, and His lenient generosity has seen us through the intense occasions. The Thanksgiving feast is the evidence of His affection and we are honored to impart the dining experience to our friends and family. Here are some strict Thanksgiving statements to make your Thanksgiving Day extraordinary. Utilize these to state a basic petition of much obliged, offering God your unqualified love and commitment. Thanksgiving Quotes Jews 13:15 By him in this way let us offer the penance of commendation to God constantly, that is, the product of our lips expressing appreciation to his name. Jerry Bridges, Respectable Sins Expressing gratefulness to God for the two His worldly and profound endowments in our lives isn't only a decent activity - it is the ethical will of God. Inability to give Him the thanks due Him is sin. Jeremy Taylor God is satisfied with no music beneath to such an extent likewise with the thanksgiving melodies of diminished widows and upheld vagrants; of cheering, helped, and grateful people. David, Psalm 57:7 - 9 My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give acclaim. Alert up, my greatness; wakeful, psaltery and harp: I myself will conscious early. I will adulate thee, O Lord, among the individuals: I will sing unto thee among the countries. William Shakespeare O Lord that loans me life, Loan me a heart loaded with appreciation. Henry Ward Beecher Recollect Gods abundance in the year. String the pearls of His kindness. Conceal the dim parts, aside from so far as they are breaking out in light! Allow this one day to much appreciated, to bliss, to appreciation! Missionary Paul, 2 Corinthians 9:15 Much appreciated be unto God for his unspeakable blessing. John Clayton Thanksgiving is a season that is particularly as per the topics and lessons of Jesus Christ. There is no racial or ethnic association in Thanksgiving, and individuals who might be far off from the Christian framework can see the magnificence and the positive soul that originates from the occasion. George Herbert Thou hast given such a great amount to me, Give one thing more, - an appreciative heart; Not appreciative when it pleaseth me, As though Thy endowments had save days, In any case, such a heart whose heartbeat might be Thy acclaim. Thomas Watson God removes the world that the heart may divide more to Him in truthfulness. Song 50:23 He who brings a contribution of recognition and thanksgiving respects and lauds Me; and he who arranges his direction aright [who readies the way that I may show him], to him I will exhibit the salvation of God. Samuel Adams It is in this way prescribed to separate Thursday the eighteenth day of December next, for serious thanksgiving and applause that with one heart and one voice the great individuals may communicate the appreciative sentiments of their souls and sanctify themselves to the administration of their heavenly supporter. Hymn 95:2 Let us precede him with thanksgiving and praise him with music and melody. Theodore Roosevelt No individuals on earth have more reason to be grateful than our own, and this is said respectfully, in no soul of pretentiousness in our own quality, however with the appreciation to the Giver of good who has favored us. Thomas Merton, Thoughts on Solitude Our insight into God is culminated by appreciation: we are grateful and cheer in the experience of reality that He is love. Song 26:7 That I may make the voice of thanksgiving heard and may recount all Your wondrous works.

How to Plan an Investor Roadshow

How to Plan an Investor Roadshow One of the things that startups â€" and practically any business â€" need to do in order to gain funding is to actively look for investors. They are fortunate if it is the investors who will come knocking on their door, but in most other cases, there is a need to find them and get them to notice you. Once they do, the next step is to get them to give you more than a few minutes of their time to let you convince them why you are a good prospect for investment. There are several avenues to accomplish this, and one of them is through investor roadshows. © Shutterstock.com | imtmphotoIn this article, we provide 1) a short introduction to investor roadshows and 2) how to plan a successful investor roadshow.THE INVESTOR ROADSHOWThe phrase “roadshow” immediately brings to mind going from one place to another, presenting something visual. It makes one think of a touring show of musicians, artists and performers, who make use of a series of different locations or venues.That is not too far from the truth when it comes to an investor roadshow. The business will literally be putting on a “show” â€" a presentation â€" for potential investors. In this context, the presentation is the roadshow.Think of a company that is issuing shares of stocks in order to raise capital for a major project. They will conduct a presentation to prospective buyers of these shares or securities. Thus, they will have to conduct an investor roadshow in order to convince investors.We can classify an investor roadshow into two: a “deal roadshow” and a “ non-deal roadshow”.Deal Roadshow. The classic example is an IPO Roadshow. An investor roadshow is often conducted by a previously privately-held company that is going public and conducting an initial public offering (IPO). It is, in effect, their way of “advertising” the shares in the IPO.Non-deal Roadshow. Investor roadshows may also be conducted even without the intention of selling or offering anything. Often, executives of a company will undertake a roadshow with their current investors, but also with the added motivation of being able to attract additional, new investors in the process.Often, an investor roadshow is used synonymously with “financial roadshow”, where executives or members of top management conduct a series of meetings in different cities where the company has branches or satellite offices. While it is true that a financial roadshow is also conducted for IPO purposes, it has a much broader coverage, as it may also be conducted when a corporation that wa s previously government-owned will be privatized.This is not to be confused with other types of roadshows that are also related to business. Marketing roadshows, for example, involve a group of people travelling to different places to advertise certain products or services.More than private investors, the target audience of investor roadshows are the institutional investors, which range from investment banks to pension funds and other financial agencies or institutions that can help in generating buzz about the offering. Investor roadshows are not meant for potential investors alone, because they are also conducted for the benefit of fund managers, analysts, and practically anyone interested with the company. That means that potential partners and customers are also included.On the other hand, the presentation is not left solely in the hands of top management of the company, as they may opt to send a representative that they deem could do an excellent job in making the presentations in their stead.Purpose of an Investor RoadshowIn an investor roadshow, a representative of the company will travel to different cities or places in the country where their potential investors are, and make a presentation about an investment opportunity in the company or business that he represents. The purpose of an investor roadshow will largely depend on what type of an investor roadshow it is.The main purpose of an IPO roadshow is to generate interest of potential investors in your company, or in what your company is offering. You want to build up their excitement so that, when the IPO date finally comes around, they will be right there to purchase your offering.An investor roadshow, which is held prior to the actual offering or sale of securities or shares, is also instrumental in increasing the share price of the stocks as well as shareholder value. The higher the interest or excitement generated, the higher the share price is likely to be.According to institutional investors, a large part of the success of IPOs depends on how well-planned and executed their roadshows are.As for non-deal roadshows, these are also conducted in order to renew and strengthen the relationships of the company with its current investors. They are even seen as part of the reportorial responsibility of company’s management to its stakeholders.What to include in an Investor RoadshowYou might be one of those who are wondering what is included in the presentation, or what the representative of the company will talk about. Essentially, what will be presented is the business plan of the company, which will be tackled in great detail. The key topics include, but are not limited to:The background of the business;The composition of the management team, including their qualifications and level of experience;The products and services of the company, and their features;The current state of the business, focusing on its strengths and achievements;The competitive environment of the company , including an analysis of the overall competitive landscape that it operates in;The expected results, with special focus on how these results will be to the benefit of the potential investorsHow Investor Roadshows are ConductedThe events that are included in an investor roadshow may vary, depending on what the management deems to be the most effective way of reaching their potential investors and engaging their interest.Small, private meetings are sometimes conducted by management with select groups of potential investors, often performed by batch.Larger gatherings may also be held in bigger venues that are able to accommodate a larger number of potential investors.Multimedia presentations are presented to the audience.Question-and-answer sessions that resemble press conferences are also conducted, often with the presence of media.Copies of presentations are also uploaded or posted online. Twitter, for example, posted a video presentation of its IPO roadshow on the website RetailRo adshow.com.Feel free to watch Twitters investor roadshow presentation. PLANNING AN INVESTOR ROADSHOWRoadshows are not easy to put together. There are a lot of details regarding logistics that must be sorted out. Making travel arrangements alone already takes a lot of work, and engaging the involvement of different parties that will contribute or play even a minor role during the roadshow is not going to be a walk in the park.They are not cheap, either. It costs money â€" a lot of it â€" to organize a roadshow. However, if you plan it well, and you execute it properly, the returns are likely to be more than the cost incurred in putting it into motion.There is a need, therefore, to ensure that all the smallest details are taken care of from the beginning. Here we will take a look at the aspects of investor roadshow planning.1. Deciding on Scope of Responsibility and BudgetThis pertains to how the roadshow will be carried out. Companies generally have two options:Organize the roadshows in-house. This is ideal for companies that have enough manpower or staff on board to devote their time to organizing the details and logistics of investor roadshows. It gives the company full control of how the roadshows will be conducted.Hire an agency or service provider specializing in investor roadshows. There are such firms whose main service is to plan and organize roadshows. This easily takes away much of the burden of planning from the company itself, but it is also quite expensive. This is the reason why this option is seen to be used only by the very large businesses.On the matter of cost, expect to spend money on an investor roadshow. You can work on the budget as you go along the planning of the roadshow. After all, there are many things to consider, such as the cost of travel, the cost of hotel accommodations for the members of the management team, the cost of reserving the chosen venues in every city, the meals and even the materials that will be distributed to the au dience.2. Roadshow SchedulingDuration: There is no fixed duration for a roadshow. It could be as short as 2 to 3 days or longer up to 2 to 3 weeks. It will take even longer if you are going to take the roadshow across the country, because you have to take into account the travel time it requires to move from one place to another. Scheduling will coincide with the determination of your stops of the roadshow.Roadshow Dates: Now, when will you bring the show on the road? There is such a thing called “roadshow season”. These are the months in the year when companies often go on the road to connect with their current or potential investors. Obviously, if you are conducting an IPO, the roadshow must be conducted before the actual date of the IPO.When scheduling your investor roadshow, make sure that it does not adversely affect the normal operations of the business. Your operations should still go unhindered even when key members of management are on the road working hard to attract m ore investors.3. Dealing with the LogisticsThere is one rule of thumb when deciding on the places to conduct your roadshow in: go where the investors are. If you are eyeing institutions in New York City as potential investors, then include that city in your stops. If you want to renew your relationship with your investors in Florida, then that should be on your list of destinations as well.Of course, you should never leave out your company’s base or “home market”. It will not make sense if you focus all your marketing efforts in other cities but ignore your own backyard altogether.You may have come across large companies choosing five-star hotels and prestigious venues for their investor roadshows. It is not a given that the more expensive the venue is, the more successful the roadshow will become. There is no guarantee of that. Sometimes, smaller and more humble venues may be the much better options for your company to connect with your potential investors.Reservations must b e made in advance. It is a fact that there may be last-minute changes due to unforeseen events. Make the arrangements in view of the possibility of these things happening.Details regarding the transportation and travel of the company’s participants to the investor roadshow must be hammered out clearly.4. Crafting and Delivery of the PresentationThe presentation refers to two things: the conduct of the presentation, and its content.In the conduct of the roadshow, you would consider the way that the roadshow will be carried out. Typically, those that are conducted in the middle of the day, will start with a short period for casual chats over cocktails. This could last for 20 to 30 minutes. After that, everyone will go for lunch. When lunch is over, it is time for the management or the representatives to make their presentation, which will then be followed by a question-and-answer (QA) session.Next, we will look into the content. We have already mentioned the typical topics that must be contained in the presentation of the company, which is essentially its business plan.Create a standardized presentation which will be given to the potential investors. This will also be a good source material for the practice of the presenters later on.Highlight the benefits of the company, both the qualitative and the quantitative. Do not stick to just presenting the facts and figures. While it is true that most investors look at the bottom-line and care about numbers, many of them will still want to know the qualitative benefits that they can expect from investing in the company.Talk about the corporate culture of the business, particularly the value of its employees and management. A lot can be said about a company when you look at its story, and investors will naturally want to know who they are investing in.5. Choosing the Right Person(s) to Represent the BusinessWho will make the presentation?Take note that these roadshows mean that management will be reaching out to inves tors, whether current or prospective. That means that members of the management must be present. After all, they are the ones who are most knowledgeable about the contents of the presentation. When the audience ask questions, they are also the ones who are most qualified to provide the answers.Investors put a lot of stock on the person making the presentation. In the case of IPOs, potential investors prefer seeing the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). It has been said that it is only during these roadshows that investors get to meet the top honchos of the company.6. Coaching and Practice for the PresentersYou can say that the roadshow is a storytelling session, and the presenters are the storytellers. Even storytellers need preparation and practice in order to deliver the story with the right nuance.No matter how knowledgeable or qualified the presenters are, a little coaching and lots of practice will not hurt. This will help them prepare better, as they will be able to anticipate questions that will be thrown their way, and simulation of the roadshow will make them even more confident when the real thing actually happens.It’s not just the operational and other managers who will benefit from coaching and practice, because even CEOs and CFOs will find that these will arm them better when the actual roadshow takes place.7. Knowing your audienceThe biggest reason for getting to know your audience is so you can better differentiate your company in their minds. Investors have different perspectives when looking at potential investments, and if you do not know these perspectives, you will not be able to create and present your presentations in a way that will engage their attention and hold their interest.8. Other tips for Roadshow PlanningPlan well ahead of time. In large companies with established departments dedicated solely for investor roadshows, they start planning well in advance, and they plan the roadshows that they wil l conduct over the course of the next 6 or 12 months.Economize, but do not skimp. You might think that you will be saving money if your CEO and CFO travel in economy. Consider the reality that they might be uncomfortable during a long flight, and will not be able to be in the best condition once they arrive at their destination. There are also benefits to letting your team stay in a more expensive hotel; they will be well-rested for when they face the investors the next day. There is nothing wrong with trying to keep your costs low during the investor roadshow, but consider the long-term effects of your decisions. You may get better results even if you spend more.

New Copenhagen An Urban Utopia For Those Seeking A Good...

Our city, New Copenhagen, is an urban utopia for those seeking a good time. New Copenhagen is a culturally diverse hotspot, and we specialize in small businesses and fine art. We’ve designed our city to make the most out of our space, with rooftop gardens to grow things on top of buildings. Our city is rather temperate, and we’ve paved it over. We import most of our goods, as we’re mostly a tourist city. We separate our zones sometimes, but we also combine them; Our residential areas are mostly separated from industrial zones, while mostly close to commercial. Infrastructure-wise, we really try to stay on the cutting edge, we stick to green energy, and clean means of production. We have cleaner air because of this, and our life†¦show more content†¦Our public education system is accessible to all, and no teacher’s unions are in place, due to other countries’ systems being corrupted. All of our public services believe in quality and quantity, so we can deliver the most impact to our community and its citizens. As more and more public spaces pop up, many of those public spaces end up getting abandoned in the near future, which is a problem for many cities as they take up a lot of unnecessary space and cost the city a lot of money. So, the best way to deal with these is to renovate them and turn them into something newer and better for our environment. Out of the three public spaces we solved in our group, the best one out of all of them was the abandoned â€Å"Coaster Kingdom† theme park. This theme park was a small tourist attraction with 8 rides and an Olympic sized pool. It was a place where people of all kinds can come with theirere family and enjoy the rides. Unfortunately, the owners ran into a financial problem and had no other choice but to abandon it. It is now reduced to a bunch of broken parts and rides just collecting dust as it sits there for years. Another public space we solved was the sidewalk, where it is an old stone tiled sidewalk with nothing new and innovative a dded to it. Our solution for the Theme Park was to remove all the trash and rubble and using all that space toShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCulture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past SharonRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesTheory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constitutingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . 66 Planning Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Factors in Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Time Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Collecting and Analyzing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Levels of Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Flexibility . . . .

The Population Of Singapore Is A Multicultural Country Essay

The population of Singapore has been increasing year over year resulting in 5.54million at the end of June, 2015. Since it is a multicultural country, the population can be distinguished into two major types - residents and non-residents. The resident population was recorded as 3.9 million including 3.38 million of Singapore citizens and 0.53 million of permanent residents. Other than that, 1.63 million of non-residents also play an important of Singapore population. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015). The land area of Singapore is 707km ² (The World Bank, 2015) with the population density of 5,535 per square kilometer. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015) Compared to 2014, the total population of Singapore went up 1.2 %. It can be considered as the lowest rate during the last few years. The population of citizens increased 1% as the same as previous year. But the growth of non-residents population decreased to 2.1% from 2.9% in 2014. 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What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes Free Essays

string(72) " gender demographic and the age demographic \(Lee Hwang, 2010\)\." Introduction to Urban Tourism Urban areas often emerge as a central hub which connect surrounding areas and open them up to business opportunities, trade and information exchange and utilisation (Page Hall, 2003). Urban areas, unlike rural areas, are known to be densely populated areas. With an area of such importance, it can be expected that services to support different kinds of transactions would emerge (Law, 2002) for example, people will be more likely to live there and businesses would be set up. We will write a custom essay sample on What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Urban areas also serve another purpose. They serve as a meeting place for a highly diverse crowd of people in several different capacities, be it leisure, business, education of even health (Page Hall, 2003). Cities often hold records of culture and heritage of the people who inhabit it or have previously done so. They are also said to usually have a wide range of leisure facilities (Law, 2002). For whatever reason, visitors show interest in a city and cities exploit these visitors as much as they can. While this sort of interaction has been occurring for centuries, academic study of it has only recently been recognised. This is where urban tourism as we know it today stems from (Selby, 2004). Given that urban areas are defined as such, saying that urban tourism is simply tourism of any kind which takes place in urban areas (towns and cities), however, from an academic point of view at least, urban tourism is more complicated than that when consdering all the possible aspects and perceptions on the demand and supply side, in policies and planning, and everything else inbetween (Law, 2002; Page Hall, 2003; Selby, 2004). Looking at it from this perspective, urban tourism may be defined as the combination of several forms of tourism (such as heritage and cultural, place-specific and special interest, business tourism, etc) concentrated geographically and managed by an interlinked network of government organisations, planners and specialised firms (Ashworth, 2009; Law, 2002). This report talks about tourism and urban areas in from a demand side point of view. More specifically, it will be discussing the motivating factors that affect tourism in urban areas. The focus will be the tourists of the city of Bath and what inspires demand for the destination. Aim of the Research The aim of this research is to investigate what motivates people in different age groups to visit Bath. This research also aims to confirm or disprove the belief that older age groups are more motivated to visit Bath. Objectives Find relevant literature on what motivates tourists and what determines the demand of the destination Investigate which age groups visit Bath and their reasons for doing so Arrive at a conclusion on why different age groups visit Bath Literature Review Tourism is a general term for a range of activities which are the determinants of a destination’s demand. These determinants can be placed in three broad categories; economic determinants; socio-psychological determinants and; exogenous determinants (Page Hall, 2003, Page, 2003). These categorisations imply that a tourist might be in a city due to its economic convenience, its potential socio-psychological effects or due its business environment and its prospects (Page Hall, Managing Urban Tourism, 2003). A decision to spend one’s disposable income on one leisure activity rather than another, on entirely different alternatives, involves several â€Å"psychological determinants† (Kotler et al, 1996). Psychological determinants of tourism demand are most closely linked to leisure tourism (Bowen Clarke, 2009). Ryan (2003) suggests that taking a holiday enables a tourist to fulfil deep psychological needs. These needs might be anything from wanting to gain some social status to simple relaxation (Kotler et al, 1996). Within the socio-psychological category as a determinant of demand, there are a number of variables which can be studied (Kotler et al, 1996). Tourist motivation and behaviour are ultimately determined by these variables (Ryan Glendon, 1998). However, demographic variables and motivations will be most closely considered. These needs have been further elaborated by other authors, sometimes under different headings (Page Hall, 2003; Ryan, 1991; Kotler et al, 1996; Holloway Robinson, 1995). In these sub-categories, it is easy to see that determinants are interrelated and sometimes over-lap each other (Ryan, 1991). A psychological need to escape ones everyday surroundings might lead to falling into a majority demographic due to the sort of holiday a destination offers (Ryan, 2003; Page Hall 2003). In the discussion of the determinants of demand, the motives for visiting are rarely ignored. The variables that affect demand in general are categorized by Holloway Robinson (1991) as psychographic and demographic. Looking at the psychographic variables, tourists visit a destination due to certain factors with are categorized into either push factors or pull factors (Page, 2003). Researchers focusing on tourist motivation often hold the belief that a tourist might be â€Å"pushed† to leaving the area where they usually reside, and therefore escape, or â€Å"pulled† by the desire to be at another location (Ryan, 2003; 84; Goossens, 2000). Therefore, a push factor indicates that a tourists motivation for go on a vacation or to escape their usual routine or environment (Goossens, 2000; McCabe, 2000). It may even indicate a journey of self discovery or re-discovery as a group, in a family for example (Kotler, 1995; Ryan, 2003). The pull factor, however, signifies that a tourist’s motivation is more adventurous, meaning the tourist â€Å"seeks new experiences† (McCabe, 2000; 1049). There is reason for the pull motives to be researched as extensively as it is. This is because when a tourist is pulled to a destination, it show that there are certain elements about it that where attractive (McCabe, 2000). Therefore, for marketing purposes, researchers tend to focus on what makes a destination attractive (Goossens, 2000). However, this has led to a substantial gap between the amount of research done between push and pull factors of motivation (Goossens, 2000). The research covering the motivation of the ‘escapist tourist’ has been somewhat neglected in comparison. The demand for a destination is usually affected by various categories of demographics, most notably the status or income demographic, the gender demographic and the age demographic (Lee Hwang, 2010). You read "What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes?" in category "Essay examples" In the age demographic, segmentation is taken in six groups, namely the infants, tweens and teens, young adults, early middle ages, late middle ages and over 65’s (Kotler et al, 1996). An alternative is Pooler’s (2002) segmentation into three key, all encompassing, groups. These groups are the baby boomers and seniors, who, in this day, are represented in Kotler et al (1996) as late middle age and over 65 (Lamb et al, 2008); generation X, the generation after the baby-boomers classified as young adults and early middle aged (Kotler et al, 1996; Lamb et al, 2008) and finally; Generation Y, often associated with young adults, teenagers and preadolescents and called the Internet generation (Lee Hwang, 2010), who in this age, statistically (Pooler, 2002) more computer literacy than the previous generation did at the same age (Lamb et al, 2008). Pooler (2002) and Lamb et al (2008) draw attention to the characteristics of each of these three groups and how they are motivated. For example, generation Y spends more on entertainment and clothing. The group also centres a lot of activities on one form of technology and are more susceptible to internet marketing (Lamb et al, 2008). The baby boomer generation however have a need to interact and require more attention (Lamb et al, 2008). Generation X, where generation Y and baby boomers meet, are generally disloyal to brands and are most known for their extensive product search when deciding on any product (Pooler 2002; Lamb et al, 2008). In terms of research on tourist motivations as they relate to specific destinations, Kozak (2002) has studied push and pull motivations of german and british tourists in two popular holiday destinations. The study found that pleasure and relaxation were the highest ranked motivations in both groups in both detinations. This suggests that the major motives for taking a holiday, regardless of nationality and destination, was the need to relax, possibly with loved ones, and escape from stressfull situations to seek pleasure (Kozak, 2002). It was also found that, again regardless of the nationality, the tourists in both destinations were drawn there mainly because of the weather. These findings imply that tourists prefer to spend time in more temperate regions when they are on holiday (Kozak, 2002). Among the variables discussed, this research project, the focus will be mainly on the socio-psychological elements of a city’s demand, specifically within certain age groups. Within these age groups, the research will be examining how demand determinants differ within different age groups. More specifically, it will be exploring the various motivating factors and how they affect each age group, as well how different they are. Background With a declining wool industry, Bath had to find alternative means of boosting its economy in the mid-18th century. This was when the city began to focus on the largely underdeveloped spa trade (Hirschfelder, Borsay, Mohrmann, 2000). Bath began re-branding itself as a tourism city. Though the city had always had these spas, it was only at this time they were specifically developed for mass commercialisation (Hard Misa, 2008). Within thirty years, the city had become the foremost â€Å"health and leisure resort in Britain† (R. Russell, 2010, p. 18). This fame was however, short-lived. Although many European resort cities benefited in the long run from using celebrity culture as a marketing tool, Bath was not one of them (Borsay, 2000). In the mid-nineteenth century, Bath’s allure was lost as people became uninterested in the medicinal qualities of its spas and moved on to the next craze. The city itself was also revitalized, with many support facilities also being developed simultaneously. Like most other European destinations of its type, Bath was mainly marketing itself as a fashion resort (R. Russell, 2010). The trend at that time was the ‘medical’ or ‘cold’ baths which allegedly improved the health (Hard Misa, 2008). The market segments that where interested in this trend included celebrities and the celebrity-minded (R. Russell, 2010). Naturally, high class facilities were developed to support the main market. Though, Bath has been credited as being an early example of a modern tourist industry (Hard Misa, 2008), the tourism industry’s structure has changed since its fame declined. Bath has therefore found new ways to market itself. It focuses mainly on historic tourism (Page Hall, 2003), marketing its roman heritage more than any other aspect (City of Bath, 2008).Today, Bath’s early retirement or retirement age-groups are increasing (City of Bath, 2008), suggesting the market would be shifting to meet the demands of a growing population (Kotler et al, 2005), in turn, attracting tourists in similar age groups. Methodology Based on the research design of Kozak (2002), which studied the tourist motivations by nationality, A 33 item questionnaire was formulated. This comprised three sections. The first contained 8 general demographic questions about the respondent as well as the level of familiarity they have with the city of Bath. The next two sections outlined potential pull and push factors and used a 5-point Likert scale to determine the level to which the respondent was influenced. It is suggested that respondents are more likely to understand a questionnaire with words rather than values (Haley Case, 1979. As such, the questionnaire was designed with words representing the figures on the scale and presented thus: (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree, (4) agree (5) strongly agree. The second section consisted of 10 potential push factors. This section was again based on Kozak’s (2002) design, excluding factors which were not applicable to a non-temperate region. These included enjoying good weather, engaging in sports and experiencing nature. These are not actively present in the chosen destination and were therefore removed from the list of items. In the final section, a 15 item table of potential pull motives were outlined. Though Kozak (2002) uses open-end questions to determine what the pull motives of respondents are, in this study, a table was formulated and respondents were to use the Likert scale to demonstrate their opinions. The reason for this modification is the presence of a list of factors which were generated from Kozak’s (2002) open-end questions. The list outlines what the most common pull motives are. Therefore, the list was used as a reference point for the table in this section. Following, the completion of the questionnaire design, a pilot test was conducted. 5 questionnaires were given to 2 staff members who had visited Bath previously, 2 staff members who had not ever visited Bath, and a Lecturer of the Hospitality and Tourism department at St. Patrick’s College London. These questionnaires were assessed for content and accuracy of the questions. Data Analysis and Results The data analysis was conducted using pie charts and tables. Section one was represented in 8 pie charts (appendices 1-8) which illustrate the characteristics of the respondents. In sections two and three, the numerical values of the Likert scale were put in tables and subsequently put in stacked bar charts (appendices 9 and 10). During the data collection, 150 questionnaires where filled in by visitors in Bath. Out of this sample, 8 (5%) questionnaires were unusable due to the fact that they were wrongly filled in. The 142 questionnaires were further divided into those who were in Bath specifically for leisure purposes, which was 86 (58%) of the respondents. Analysis of the remaining 142 questionnaires more than half of the respondents, 34% could be said to be within the retirement age of over 45 years. The 17% made up the baby boomer generation of over 55 years. Those in the middle age bracket who are described as the generation X in the literature review made up 38% of the respondents. Those aged 25 and under were under made up a relatively high 28% of the respondents. They were the highest percentage out of all the age groups that answered the questionnaires. In section 2, the five age groups in the questionnaires were put into three broader age groups of under 25 years (generation Y), 35-44 years (generation X) and 45 years and over (baby boomers), as discussed in the literature review. This section asked respondents to rate push motives. In the generation Y group, the motives with the highest agreement rate were to spend time with loved ones (67.3%); to get away from home (67.3%); to have fun (61.9%); and to relax (57.9%). Those with the lowest agreement rate were to be active (9.7%); to socialize with tourists like me (10%); and to experience culture first-hand (12.3%). The generation X group had the highest agreement rate for the motivating factors of having fun (64.5%), spending time with loved ones (56.4%); and relaxing (54.2%). The group’s motives with the lowest agreement rate where to socialize with tourists (12.4%) and to be active (15.9%). Finally, in the baby boomer group, respondents were most motivated by the need to relax (78.3); to spend time with loved ones (55.9%); and to experience heritage and culture first hand (51.6%). The where least motivated by the need to socialize with tourists of similar interests (3.6%); to seek adventure (9%); and to learn and experience new things (11%). During the analysis of section 3, it was discovered that there was insufficient data to analyse as a significant number of the questionnaires (34) had not been filled or were ticked as â€Å"someone else’s decision†. In at least two of the age groups, the sample size was insufficient to come to a reasonable conclusion. For this reason, section 3 was analysed collectively. There was no special analysis for each age group. sOn average the highest rated pull motives which had a agreement rating of at least 40% were cleanliness (51.3%); attraction range (43.8%); accommodation (42.2%); and the Roman Baths (41.7%). The lowest rated were weather (4%) and nightlife (13.9). Discussion and Conclusion From the findings, it can be assumed that the perception of older tourists visiting Bath more frequently than younger ones might be wrong as over 50% of the respondents were under 34 and only 17% of the respondents could be at retirement age. The implication is that an older resident population may not necessarily translate to an older tourist population (Lynch, Duinker, Sheehan, Chute, 2011). The initial perception might have been born from the idea that an older age group is usually attracted to a historical tourist destination (Lynch, Duinker, Sheehan, Chute, 2011), which is what the City of Bath is. Apart from this misconception, it would seem that Bath’s residents may be mistaken for tourists more often than not, as observed during the data collection period. In addition, more than half of the respondents were under the age of 34, which contradicts the city’s resident demographics report which suggest that there is a decline in the number of people that fall under this age bracket, due to a number of them moving out of the area. It is possible that while Bath residents in this age group relocate, they still keep in touch with family and friends in the area and visit on a regular bases, which would explains the high number of tourists in the group. This is back up by the results of the survey which show that 56.3% agreed that they were in Bath to spend time with loved ones. The most significant push motive was the need to relax. This has also been observed in Kozak’s (2002) study, where the significance of relaxation in the motivations of a holidaying tourist was noted. However, contrary to Kozak’s findings, escape motives hardly influenced the decision of the respondents in Bath. This may be due to how different destinations in both instances are. The majority of the respondents were home visitors, with only 6% of internationals making up the respondents. In Kozak’s study, 100% of the sample population were away visitors. Kozak has also noted the link between an away holiday and the escape push motive. In this study, it is suggested that tourists are more likely to go farther if their motivations are escape related. Rather than the escape motive, in would seem the visitors to bath were more influenced by the need to spend time with someone, be it those living in Bath or those visiting with family. The large number of home visitors could possibly be the reason for this. Limitations This study was limited by various factors. The city of Bath attracts a variety of tourists. One of the major limitations during data collection was the language barrier between the researcher and many of the tourists. Because the data collection tool was in only one language, a significant section of the target group was not able to answer the questionnaire. In addition, as the data was collected during an off-peak period, there might have been a significant loss of certain key respondents. Beyond these two factors, the sample size might have been insufficient when considering that Bath host hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. In the future, it is hoped that another survey examining the leisure motivates of visitors with families in Bath would be conducted as it seems this is a key area which should be explored further. References Borsay, P. (2000). The image of Georgian Bath, 1700-2000: towns, heritage, and history. New York: Oxford University Press. Bowen, D., Clarke, J. (2009). Contemporary Tourist Behaviour: Yourself and Others as Tourists. Oxfordshire: CABI. City of Bath. (2008, August 19). Bath Demograpics. Retrieved March 1, 2011, from cityofbath.com: http://www.cityofbath.com/planning/file/1%20Demographics%20Chapter%205%2019%2008.pdf Goossens, C. (2000). Tourism Information and Pleasure Motivation. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (2), 301-321. Hard, M., Misa, T. (2008). Urban machinery: inside modern European cities. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Hirschfelder, G., Borsay, P., Mohrmann, R. (2000). New directions in urban history: aspects of European art, health, tourism and leisure since the Enlightenment. Berlin: Waxmann Verlag. Holloway, J. C., Robinson, C. (1991). Marketing for Tourism. Essex: Pearson Education. Kozak, M. (2002). Comparative Analysis of tourist motivations by Nationality and Destinations. Tourism Management 23, 221-232. Lee, J. H., Hwang, J. (2010). Luxury Marketing: The influences of psychological and demographiccharacteristics on attitudes toward luxury restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1-12. McCabe, A. S. (2000). Tourism Motivation Process. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (4), 1049-1052. Page, S. J. (2003). Tourism Management: Managing for Change. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Page, S. J., Hall, M. C. (2003). Managing Urban Tourism. Essex: Prentice Hall. Pooler, J. A. (2002). Demographic Targeting: The Essetial Role of Popularion Groups in Retail Marketing . surrey: Ashgate. R., B., Russell, R. (2010). Giants of Tourism. Oxfordshire: CABI. Ryan, C. (1991). Recreational Tourism: A Social Science Perspective. London: Routledge. Ryan, C. (2003). Recreational Tourism: Demand and Impacts. Clevedon: Channel View. Ryan, C., Glendon, I. (1998). Application of Leisure Movitation Scale to Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 25 (1), 169-194. How to cite What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes?, Essay examples

Review on Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe

Childhood is the period which is meaningful for every person because it is the start of a life-long journey. In his Moll Flanders, Daniel Defoe concentrates on many controversial social issues. Moreover, the childhood theme is also masterfully described in the novel as the key point for understanding the persons’ actions and the peculiarities of their further lives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review on Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, Daniel Defoe reveals all the worst features of the world’s reality and discovers all the hidden details of the persons’ souls in the work. He also accentuates the seriousness of the harmful surrounding which a child can undergo in his life and its influence. The effects of childhood follow persons during their whole lives. Furthermore, people have the opportunity to observe the peculiarities of children’s everyday life as the part of the society anywhere. To discuss the peculiarities of describing the concept of childhood in the novel, it is necessary to focus on the actual substance of childhood as it is and on the impacts of childhood on the life of the main heroine of the novel. Thus, in his novel the author presents the notion of childhood as a stand point to watch the heroine’s destiny and present her further development into a young lady with her own hidden psychological troubles. Defoe opens his novel as a really strict narration that derives conclusion right away saying that Moll is going to continue her mother’s destiny, as well. This is what life did to her: born in dreadful conditions, not having an opportunity to meet mother ever, and raised by gypsies, Moll is not as bad as she could have become. The peculiarities of Moll’s situation make her act as a grown-up. This situation can be considered as typical for that period. It was the eighteenth century – the time of nobilities, good manners, and dismissal of poor from any worthy life sphere. Moreover, women could not have any rights except being a seamstress, if she wanted to work. Therefore, a girl who could possibly get to that atmosphere was doomed to lead a very modest life when she is a grown-up. A boy, however, had slightly more chances to achieve success and work.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those children who were growing without their parents’ treatment in streets began to act and behave as grown-ups in order to survive in dangerous surroundings. They did not know that childhood as it could be with the parents’ care and without the needs to work since the age of eight as Moll worked. However, those children who were born in rich families had the opportunity to enjoy all the pleasures of living with parents, even in spite of the fact that they were brought up by nurses. Thus, the memories about her childhood followed Moll during her life. That is why she tried to do all possible to pay much attention to her own child. In some of the situations Moll states, â€Å"I was greatly perplexed about my little boy. It was death to me to part with the child† (Defoe 77). And furthermore, â€Å"If I was but sure my little baby would be carefully looked to, and have justice done it† (Defoe 107). It is important that those people who bring up children have an extreme influence on their lives. Thus, the nurse Moll lived with was a very good example to follow. And, maybe, due to such a nondurable experience Moll turned out to have her own children ultimately. The nurse is described as the following, â€Å"†¦she bred up the children she took with a great deal of art, as well as with a great deal of care†¦ [she provided her children with] a plain diet, coarse lodging, and mean clothes†¦we were brought up as mannerl y and as genteelly as if we had been at the dancing-school† (Defoe 8). It is necessary to mention that although Moll is presented to very harsh conditions throughout her childhood, Defoe still brings in an element of an invisible helping hand as if supporting the idea that there is an angel that every child has. Nevertheless, the theme of abandoned children can be observed on many pages of the novel. In Defoe’s novel childhood is depicted as the period for the fight for better conditions for life. Thus, Moll often meets beggars on her way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review on Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are described as dark shadows of London’s streets. There are charity programs for such children in society; the authorities try to influence their lives. However, who would like to be a subject of charity? A child raised in conditions of condescensi on is likely to grow up having no respect for him. Is it possible to avoid the life of purposeless people, miserable drunkards, thieves, criminals, or murderers? Daniel Defoe depicts childhood in the darkest colors that could ever be. He accentuates that Moll Flanders tried to escape her destiny, but she could not. Moll, being the central figure, makes the reader sympathize with her troubles, though at the same time wonder how in the world she could make it to a relatively good future. Yet, she had a chance. And there are a number of such children who became unhappy and sad adults because they did not have a chance to change their life. In his novel Defoe also reveals the theme of children’s aloneness. It is rather difficult to survive in the world where people have no support and understanding of their relatives and friends. What is the destiny for an orphan? A child cannot possibly grow up as a rich and self-conscious personality. No one is ever able to have a rich inner wo rld without friends or anyone to rely on. Streets and bands create the conditions for growing up as a severe and rough personality. This is, unfortunately, a side effect of self-sufficiency. Being independent takes effort. A person faces challenges and life makes him bend down to earth, whereas some stand up back straight and some break. When speaking about simple survival, it is hard to consider decent childhood conditions for fostering main virtues. And so, Moll was presented to the following being: â€Å"†¦even before I was capable either of understanding my case or how to amend†¦ [she was] brought into a course of life which was not only scandalous in itself, but which in its ordinary course tended to the swift destruction both of soul and body† (Defoe 1).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Childhood can be thought of as the most essential part for fostering ideals and habits in a child. Moll in Moll Flanders is the splendid representation what poor childhood conditions may lead to. Completely disoriented and lost in her life, Moll is an example of what can possibly happen to a child who finds him in the same milieu. Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. Moll Flanders. USA: Signet Classics, 1996. Print. This essay on Review on Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe was written and submitted by user Ezra Wilkerson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.